Comparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For...

Brianna Petro SPE 103-01 Dr. Pancsofar November 24, 2014 Tremblay, P. (n.d.). Comparative Outcomes of Two Instructional Models for Students with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 251-258. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Summary In the following study researchers compared two instructional approaches; co-teaching inclusion and solo-taught special education for students with learning disabilities in regard to their overall academic achievement. Participants of the study included twelve inclusive/co-teaching classrooms, which were compared to thirteen special education classrooms. In the co-teaching contexts the emphasis was centered on the inclusion of students with learning disabilities into a general education classroom. Co-teachers were free to choose the instructional method they would embark. Special education teachers solely instructed students with learning disabilities in small group classrooms. To assess the effectiveness of the two instructional models, student’s academic achievements were assessed and investigated. Student in both groups were tested in October and June of each school year in subject of reading and writing. Result were as follow, students with learning disabilities in the special education classrooms produced a significant drop in both reading and writing between the beginning and the end of first grade. As these students moved to second grade theirShow MoreRelatedyr 7 unit pla for basketball2204 Words   |  9 PagesFigueroa For the purpose of assessment, this paper will be based on a year 7 middle school class who are beginning a new unit of basketball. This paper will attempt to show how teachers can educate students to acquire new skills in basketball and various ways to assess development and adaptation (by students) to the sport. Basketball is a diverse sport, played across the globe, that captures a variety of skills, which participants try to attain. The main skills used in basketball are dribbling, shootingRead MoreSpecial Education in the US and Denmark1488 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational concern for people with disabilities. Countries have evolved from desegregation and separation to inclusive educational systems where students with disabilities. Denmark was one of the first countries for inclusion in school systems and special education within the regular school system has existed for 99 years, and special teacher training has a 66-year history (Egelund, 2000). The United States governmen t has passed laws to include students in general education by mainstreaming themRead MoreStudents Are Not College And Career Ready Nationally1441 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Study Students are not college and career ready nationally and this is more than likely attributed to low reading abilities. This is an on-going problem that needs immediate attention. It is not a new problem but because of the advance changes and the technology driven mind of the 21st century we have a gap in our educational system. Introduction The probablilty of students struggling to become fluent readers is evident as early as prek which gives an insight on which students will be onRead MoreThe Early School Funding Litigation2375 Words   |  10 PagesMost of the early school funding litigation efforts generally focused on education equity, which was to guarantee the same amount of per pupil funding for every student in the state. Starting in the 1960s, the focus of the lawsuits began to shift from equity to adequacy. Lawsuits brought about by stakeholders claim that current state funding procedures violate policy outlined in either the federal or state constitution. 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Similarly, these same computer-assisted programs were considered to be effective when the student outcomes were equal to or better than traditional instruction strategies. Furthermore, many computer-assisted learning programs were considered efficient because less timeRead MoreEffects of Interscholastic Sports on Academic Achievement3231 Words   |  13 Pages ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. Function of Interscholastic Sports and Their Effect on Participants Academic Achievement. #8195; Function of Interscholastic Sports and Their Effect On Academic Achievement While the first account of humans engaged in learning may well be the story of Adam and Eve, the origins of team sports are virtually unknown. Perhaps, team sport pre-dates the origins of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The arguments among educators, however, concerning the relevance of teamRead MoreInstructional Design: Capstone project7252 Words   |  30 Pages M. E. Vey ED5992-01 M. Medley, Ph.D. June 10, 2013 Executive Summary The three-week introduction to instructional design (changed from two weeks) for the four department heads can be produced and taught in three months at a proposed cost of $40340 (or approximately 50808 less 20%). The technology includes the in-house learning management system along with audio/video (a/v) design beginning with a prototype. Based on this examination, this project can expand theRead MoreBaldrige National Quality Program45979 Words   |  184 Pagesabout students excelling! Because they also are about an organization that is high-performing, has high integrity, and is characterized by the ethical behavior of its students, faculty, and staff. Is using the Baldrige Education Criteria easy? No! But neither is achieving sustainable results in today’s challenging education environment. Will the Education Criteria help you think and act strategically? Yes. Will they help you align your processes, your people, your resources, and your students’ andRead MoreA Je rney in to the Deaf World15812 Words   |  64 Pagesparents were thrilled that he was deaf. Roberto grew up differently. His family was all hearing, and their first language was Spanish. His family had a hard time adjusting to the fact that he was deaf. However his mother eventually helped him by learning some signs. Laurel’s story was the most different. Her family was so unset about the fact that she was deaf that they enrolled her in a strictly oral program and she spent most of her life not being able to sign. She explains that she was deprived

Dead Mans Cell Phone Essay - 641 Words

Jessica Harris Drama 110 Professor Karen Baker Play Response: Dead Man’s Cell Phone November 19, 2012 In Dead Man’s Cell Phone there were a lot of design elements in that helped express the time, location, and underlying theme of this play. They were shown through the set and costume design. However, costume design is different as to where it is more personal and gives us more information about the character and how he or she contributes to the play. These elements are space, line, shape, form, color, texture and Light. Through using examples from the play, these elements will be used to describe what the set and the props say about time, mood, season, place and character. First let us talk about the set and its’ design.†¦show more content†¦Texture was seen in the back drop and was helped by lighting. For example, when Gordon and Jean were in purgatory you could tell they were in a place where it seemed there was nothing there by the use of white background and bright lighting. The shape of the set seemed linear. Facing the stage you h ad the dining room scene on the left, in center was the cafà ©, and to the right you either had the stationary store or the living room. Even though they were not all in the same scene they were place out in this order. The elements space, line, shape, form, color, texture and light also contribute to costume design. Color can emphasize the mood of a character but can also show irony. For example, when Gordon’s mother is giving his eulogy she expressing how no one wears black for mourning anymore and how she finds it sad. However, she is wearing red where red is the color that shows someone is happy that someone died. Mrs. Gottlieb’s clothing is very sophisticated looking which could mean that she is wealthy and snobbish. This is evident through her relationships with her children. She favors Gordon over Dwight. The costumes also show place and time. Rain coats let know that they were or had been outside and it could be raining. The costumes, lights, set, and sound all tell the story. However, the back ground did not make since to me where the orange structure with the house and other figures that were on it. I saw what they were trying to do butShow MoreRelatedCell Phones And Electronic Devices Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence of Cell phones and electronic devices are changing our notions of communication seen in â€Å"Dead Man’s Cell Phone† Today, in the society we are part of, we have the resources to communication in a variety of ways other than conventional in person conversations we are custom to. The main reason for this is because of the existence development of technology and the wide interest in this technology from people around the world. Technology is taking a vital role in our culture and they ways weRead MoreUrban Myths Of Urban Legends981 Words   |  4 Pagesone thus far continuing the cycle. 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Based from the word â€Å" distrust†, it shows that Emerson’s view of the technology is pessimistic. There are a lot people who can’t put down their cell phone due to its appealing features. It becomes a constant distraction. When one get addictedRead MoreThe Uncertain Role Of Technology2505 Words   |  11 Pagesof the first computer. However, technology goes back father than the evolution of the Internet, or the instillation of space satellites. In fact, the beginning of technology extends as far back as the Stone Age, twenty-five million years ago, with man’s discovery of using the sharp sides of a stone as a cutting tool. Had it not been for the technology of Ale xander Graham Bell’s first telephone, the world of communication, as we regard it today, could be less developed. Could you imagine a world whereasRead MoreThe Uncertain Role Of Technology2505 Words   |  11 Pagesof the first computer. However, technology goes back father than the evolution of the Internet, or the instillation of space satellites. In fact, the beginning of technology extends as far back as the Stone Age, twenty-five million years ago, with man’s discovery of using the sharp sides of a stone as a cutting tool. Had it not been for the technology of Alexander Graham Bell’s first telephone, the world of communication, as we regard it today, could be less developed. Could you imagine a world whereas

Auditing and Assurance Services Approach

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Assurance Services Approach. Answer: Introduction This study helps in analyzing the audit opinion in various cases. This majorly provides help business organization in understanding the specific material as well as immaterial errors at the same time. In this assignment, emphasis has been given on depicting the auditing opinion mentioned in the Accounting Standard (ASA 700). It helps in rendering appropriate audit opinions for the business organization in the main audit process. The current study elucidates on various scenarios for gaining relevant audit opinion (Soh and Martinov-Bennie 2015). The present study finds out the loopholes from the internal control system for Adel Company. Audit Reports - Explanation for ASA 700 by providing relevant audit opinion In accordance with ASA 700, it explains the depiction of audit requirements that are mainly utilized by companies at the time of formulation in the financial statement. ASA 450 states that this accounting standard identification of uncorrected misstated figures that poses material impact especially in the financial report of any business organization (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Various requirements of ASA 700 in case of audit opinion are extracted from financial report of company are mentioned below with proper justification: Auditors of a particular company should provide relevant opinion from the information presented in the financial report of business. Addition to that, auditors are responsible for conducting evaluation from the financial reporting framework in terms of material aspects (Redmayne 2013). Auditors of a particular company should aim at providing reliable assurance with accurate data extracted from financial reporting. Addition to that, auditors should make ways in rendering assurance report. This should be free from material misstatement of information in minimizing any types of error or fraud. ASA 330 explains that auditors need to render accurate audit evidence. In accordance with ASA 450, it states related conclusion in finding out uncorrected material misstatements from the financial statement of a particular business organization. In the 12th to 15th paragraph, this accounting standard follows as per the accounting standard in preparation of financial report of a particular business organization (Moroney et al. 2014). It is the responsibility of the auditors to follow relevant financial reporting framework as it involves qualitative aspects of any business organization following accounting practices. Auditors require suggesting relevant audit opinion from various aspects gaining from financial reporting of business organization. It is advisable to the auditors in providing relevant audit opinion based upon the accounting policies. These opinions are extracted from the information present in financial statement and used by companies in the upcoming financial year It is necessary in viewing at the viability attributes presented in the accounting policies from the information taken from financial statements and financing reporting framework It helps in providing reasonable approach to the management that majorly depicts necessary accounting estimates presented in the financial statement of a particular business organization (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). It is responsibility of the auditors to provide relevant audit opinion involving great reliability as well as comparability as presented in the financial report of any business organization. Addition to that, checking has been done based upon the classification, characterization and other aggregated attributes for future analysis purpose. Auditors requires to provide relevant disclosures for gaining proper understanding of the potential information as presented in the financial report of particular business organization. Auditors are advisable in providing relevant audit opinion from the information extracted from financial statement of business organization. Addition to that, Auditors should render appropriate audit opinion enabling effectiveness depending upon material transactions as presented in the financial report of business organization. Auditors are responsible in providing relevant audit opinion that should have fair presentation in the financial reporting framework. In the 12th and 13th paragraph, it is clearly mentioned regarding well preparation of financial report of a particular business organization (Heenetigala, De Silva Lokuwaduge and Armstrong 2015). Audit opinions should be well structured with relevant content and proper structure as presented in the financial report. Addition to that, auditors should render appropriate audit opinion for gaining viability of potential actions with proper financial transactions as presented in the annual report. Auditors should have clear understanding regarding terminology presented in the financial statement of any business organization Auditors are responsible in rendering relevant audit opinion and conduct fair representation of financial framework present in the financial report (Hay, Stewart and Botica Redmayne 2016). Addition to that, in the auditing standard, it is already mentioned preparation of financial statement for a company. Audit opinion provided by an auditor should be well-structured in nature. There are various types of audit opinion mentioned in the audit report. This involves unqualified opinion, qualified opinion as well as disclaimer of opinion and adverse opinion. In this particular case, it analyzes and conducts effective control measures and identifies the punishment criteria (Hardy 2014). In the AASB accounting standard, it should be followed by the auditor so that there are no unethical measures used by business organization. On the contrary, most of the auditors make use of loopholes present in the accounting standard for increasing the personal income as well as helping business organization in inflating the balance sheet. Unqualified Opinion Unqualified opinion is one of the audit opinion types and provided to the companies in case of effective conduction of their financial reports in accordance with GAAP rules. This particular audit opinion types depicts ways for preparation of financial report in accordance with GAAP principles (Hardidge et al. 2013). It renders relevancy of activities depending upon the statutory regulations for enhancing effective disclosures of material matters presented in the financial report of business organization. Qualified opinion Qualified opinion is another type of audit opinion whereby auditors provide suggestions to the companies who had not maintaining books in accordance with GAAP rules. It has been noticed that there is no adverse effects present in the financial statement in any business organization (Green and Taylor 2013). This financial statement types is mentioned whereby a particular business organization has found regarding any material misstatement present in their financial report. Adverse opinion Adverse opinion is one of the type of audit opinion whereby auditors suggests companies who have not followed the GAAP rules as well as leads to material misstatement in their given financial report (Gramling et al. 2012). This particular audit type is provided by the auditors if they find any material misstatement and adversely affecting the financial report of a particular business organization. Disclaimer of opinion Disclaimer of opinion is other type of audit opinion whereby auditors will suggest companies when they found any form of falsification or absence of adequate data. Auditors make use of this audit opinion when there is incomplete financial report or any absence of financial information (Ge, Simnett and Zhou 2016). Explanation regarding Connor Company In this particular part, focus is mainly driven for the company named as Connor Company. It explains the audit opinion depicting Connor Company as auditors uses unqualified opinion types for this case. The underlying reason that lies for making use of unqualified audit opinion by the auditors is the financial condition of Connor Company that is presented in the cash flow statement (Carson, Fargher and Zhang 2016). This particular opinion is presented by the auditor as Connor Company has successfully presented the relevant data in the financial report in terms of performance as well as transactions for given fiscal year. Therefore, auditors uses unqualified opinion for Connor Company as the company renders accurate information irrespective of its present financial condition. Explanation for American patent company Audit opinion conducted for this part is depicted for the American Patent company as qualified opinion. This is because American Patent Company had maintained its financial record in accordance with GAAP rules and any kind of misrepresentation was not found in their company. This particular company does not follow LIFO method and using GAAP accounting standard (Boticaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Redmayne 2013). In case of material aspects, it conducts in the inventory system as well as does not hamper the financial report of American Patent Company. Therefore, auditors suggest qualified opinion for the company revealing the overall financial projection in desired way. Explanation for Victorian Manufacturing Company In this particular part, focus is mainly driven for the company named as Victorian Manufacturing Company. It explains the audit opinion depicting Victorian Manufacturing Company as auditors uses adverse opinion types for solving the issues. This company was found conducting wrong valuation with their depreciation especially on face value and not on market value (Green and Taylor 2013). Therefore, auditor opinion reveals the company as involving in fraudulent practices that is not accepted under GAAP standard. Victorian Manufacturing Company does not follows the rules mentioned in the GAAP accounting standard as well as gives rise to potential misstatement in their financial report. Identifying weakness in internal control for Adel Company procedures In this particular part, it is explained regarding weakness present in internal control for the company named as Adel Company. It is advisable to the companies in maintaining adequate efficiency present in the accounting as well as auditing procedures. It helps in conducting effective internal control action in the business organization. Addition to that, weakness identified in the internal control leads to decrease in the overall ability of any company as presented in the financial report (Green and Taylor 2013). With the help of effective internal control, external auditors can easily detect material misstatement for viewing at the operational aspects in desired way. Therefore, effective internal control system helps in monitoring as well as supervising the overall operations for any business organization. Some of the identified loopholes present in internal control for Adel Company are as follows: Low Auditing- Adel Company fails to support the periodic auditing of payrolls as well as turns in reducing the efficiency of payroll system. Adel Company internal control system should have been efficient in case periodic auditing has not been conducted in accordance with payroll system. Effective auditing process will help in reducing the unethical measures for any business organization. Auditing function is needed for evaluation of exact report and timely management for the workers in business organization. Addition to that, auditing cam be conducted on payroll cheque as well as delivered by the accountant as generated by Chief Accountant. Supervision issues- Adel Company found to be highly dependent on record keeping used by the workers. This largely affects the overall productivity of Adel Company. There is no proper monitoring of workers and give rise to unethical measures that reduces the actual work time of the workers. Adel Company should use the latest technology for monitoring the exact work time of the workers. Authorization issues- Adel Company faces issue in supervision activities as conducted in the accounts payroll system. This majorly increases the overall mistakes committed by accountants. Adel Company should use proper supervision that will help the company in promoting ethical consideration in their business operations. Depicting the test of control for each of the identified errors With the advancement of technology, companies are finding ways for bringing improvement in their internal control system (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). In this particular case, companies should use effective SAP technology in improving in their overall accounting system as well as reducing any kind of unethical practices in their closest vicinity. Some of the test control that is advisable to Adel Manufacturing for using in case if identification of errors is as follows: Pay cheque approval system- It is important to consider the fact that effective payroll approval system helps in reducing any types of errors. This is done by generating calculations especially by the accountant. Test control helps the company for reducing the generated issues as conducted by Chief Accountant. This payroll system helps in reducing error in comparison with bookkeeping entries. Verification of calculation- It is advisable to use effective verification for calculation purpose that will help in bringing authenticity of financial information. Payroll calculations need to be verified by switching over the order that will help in error reduction at the same time. Second verification generally increases the workload of an accountant as well as time for payroll calculation (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). This particular control system helps in reducing the low auditing as mentioned by Adel Company. Automated timekeeping system- It is advisable to conduct effective automated timekeeping system as it will help Adel Company in reducing the weakness for record keeping activities by the workers. This particular automated timekeeping system should be effective as mentioned in the current timesheet used by Adel Company. This particular system is used by Adel Company for reducing any kind of unethical measures as used by employees. This particular control system effectively manages with low auditing issues faced by Adel Company. Matching the timecard to employee list- It is important to consider the fact regarding the risk generated from non-submission of timesheet. This should be effectively managed as it will reduce matching time card system. This particular system will help in identification of employee who failed in submitting the timesheet for given date. Using this system will help in bringing out the data collection by the employees working at Adel Company (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Therefore, identification of late timesheet submission will help in reducing the unethical process used by employees as well as reduce wages deduction at Adel Company. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that proper auditing process helps business organization in authenticating their financial report by the auditors. Addition to that, Auditors opinions are of different types depending upon the case scenarios and in accordance with ASA 700 accounting standard. Auditors conduct relevant audit opinion on behalf of the companies from the information available from financial report of any business organization. Components of audit opinion are discussed above with proper justification and in relation with case companies. In other part, weakness of internal control system was mentioned identified from Adel Company audit procedures at the same time. Effective test control can identify weakness and render proper audit process for any business organization. Reference List Boticaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Redmayne, N., 2013. Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia: An Integrated Approach.Pacific Accounting Review. Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Zhang, Y., 2016. Trends in Auditor Reporting in Australia: A Synthesis and Opportunities for Research.Australian Accounting Review,26(3), pp.226-242. Ge, Q., Simnett, R. and Zhou, S., 2016. Ethical and Quality Control Requirements When Undertaking Assurance Engagements.Available at SSRN 2837397. Gramling, A., Johnstone, K.M., Jubb, C. and Rittenberg, L.E., 2012.Auditing and Assurance: A Business Risk Approach. Cengage Learning Australia. Green, W. and Taylor, S., 2013. Factors that influence perceptions of greenhouse gas assurance provider quality.International Journal of Auditing,17(3), pp.288-307. Hardidge, D., Abeysekera, I., Chew, T.G., De Santi, R., Egan, T., Ghandar, A., Jakubicki, P., Lee, A., Luckins, J., Ridley, C. and Shying, M., 2013. A guide to understanding auditing and assurance: listed companies. Hardy, C.A., 2014. The messy matters of continuous assurance: Findings from exploratory research in Australia.Journal of Information Systems,28(2), pp.357-377. Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis.Available at SSRN 2838066. Heenetigala, K., De Silva Lokuwaduge, C.S. and Armstrong, A.F., 2015, December. Independent Assurance of Sustainability Reports of Mining Sector Companies in Australia. In12th International Conference on Business Management (ICBM). Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Moroney, R., Campbell, F., Hamilton, J. and Warren, V., 2014.Auditing: A Practical Approach. Wiley Global Education. Redmayne, N.B., 2013. Auditing and Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Soh, D.S. and Martinov-Bennie, N., 2015. Internal auditors perceptions of their role in environmental, social and governance assurance and consulting.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), pp.80-111.

Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel Essay Example

Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel Paper Expectancy-disinformation theory postulates that customer forms their satisfaction with a service as a result Of subjective comparison between their expectation and perceptions (Oh 1 999, up. 68-70). In this case study, the author will investigate the gaps in the service quality in Remington Hotel. The five main dimensions of the services will be measured on SERIAL scale to understand where gaps exist between expectation and perception of the customers. The author will also discuss reasons behind gaps and recommendations. Gaps in service quality as observed from Spenders complaint Knowledge AP (Gap 1) The non- availability of hotels airport facility in night hours was a simple expectation of Mr.. Spencer, which was not fulfilled. The gap visibly exists in knowledge of the Remington Hotel management who does not understand what service a customer expects from the hotels airport facility in night hours. A customer with delayed flight will expect airport facility to safely pick up the guests from airport to the hotel. Paranormal teal (1 985, up. 2-45) described this as Gap 1 -a gap between consumer expectation and management perception of those expectation. The absence of physical agility is a tangible evidence of incompetent service quality of the hotel. Knowledge gap can be due to incorrect market research, lack of feedback and too many organizational layers (Grazing 2007, up. 86-89). Standards gap (Gap 2) The example of gap of management perception and service quality specifications/standards was evid ent when there was only one desk left for registration at 11 PM while about 12 guests were waiting in queue. We will write a custom essay sample on Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Management was not able to provide standard and prompt services to customers coming in night hours. Management understands expectations but as no system, which will deliver quality service as desired by the customers. Standards gap is due to faulty planning, bad management, lack of goals, and insufficient support and resources (Grazing 2007, up. 86-89). Delivery gap (Gap) is the difference between what managers have defined as standards of service quality and the way how a service was actually delivered (Belles 2011 , up. 42-43). There is a brazen example of gap in delivery of the service quality in Remington Hotel when Spencer with his wife and sleeping years old child, needed a luggage assistant to take his luggage to the room which is AR away in next building in night hours. Communication gap (Gap 4) represents variation between delivered service and what customer was actually told about the service itself. Mr.. Spencer was informed about the availability of airport facility in night hours but it was not clearly mentioned that the service is nit available in night hours. Communication gap occurs if communication is not integrated with services or if there is tendency to exaggerate the promises (Grazing 2007, up. 86-89). Gap in services (Gap 5) was evident when the desk clerk did many errors in providing the keys of rooms ND room allotment. Another desk clerk did not show courtesy to register the customers who approached just before her going off time. Gap 5 refers to difference between customers expectations regarding the service and their perception after the service (Belles 2011, up. 42-43). First priority dimension of service Madeline should certainly focus first on responsiveness dimension of service. Madeline witnessed on the very first day that there were heavy crowd of about 100 guests and guides in the lobby waiting for check in. To wait for 40 minutes in lobby for mere registration and check in was annoying for the customers. The maxim the first impression is the last impression -holds true. Responsiveness means the willingness and readiness of the employees to provide prompt service, which was not appreciable in the hotel. The other dimensions that need attentions are assurance and empathy, which are related with knowledge, positive attitudes and courtesy of the employees. Humanity is the dimension of service, which is provided to preserve dignity and self -respect of the client (Grazing 2007, up. 86-89). The customers trust and confidence in the service will be strengthened with polite and courteous attitudes of the employees. It was a very unwelcoming scene when a desk clerk was in hurry to leave the work without paying attention towards the guests waiting in a long queue. The lack of courtesy creates lack of trust in customers mind. Measuring gaps in customers expectations and perceptions After finding the expectation data, it was possible for Madeline to measure the existing gaps in expectation and the perception. The gaps were seen as higher in two dimensions: Reliability and Responsiveness. Madeline should deal with improvement is responsiveness first, as it affects the clients immediately and directly after their entrance into the hotel. It was important to avoid scene Of disorder, disappointment and tension in the lobby and hotel. The gap between perception and expectation in tangible dimension is -0. , in reliability ;0. 7, in responsiveness -0. 7, in empathy -0. 2 and in assurance O. Thus, dissatisfaction is observed in 4 out of 5 dimensions but it is highest in two dimensions (reliability and responsiveness). Madeline should investigate the reason for low expectations from hotel regarding assurance and empathy dimensions. Low expectation is not a healthy sign for a large size hotel. Important information to collect Madeline should also get information about employees satisfaction, recruitment procedures, retention, schedule, training and motivation in the Remington Hotel. Madeline should find out how efficient the internal and external communications are. The feedback from staff and clients, participation of the staff in planning are equally important. She should also examine what the lofty promises are made by the hotels that are not met. This will minimize the dissatisfaction due to the communication gap. For example, availability or non-availability of airport services in night hours should be visibly mentioned in the external communication. The gaps appear due to many constraints and fluctuations in demands (Paranormal et al 1 985, p. 45). There are other attributes such as imprecise standards, short distribution channel, face-to-face interaction, fluctuating demands and clustered peak periods posing hurdles in quality service care. Customer satisfaction also depends on additional elements like price, personal and situational factors that may occur during the service supply (Boon-ITT 2012, p. 52-53). Important points to ponder in improving the service quality Management should understand and fulfill the customers demands. Resolving the complaints make the customer more loyal to the hotel than those who never complained. Designing of services should be according to the identified customers demand, such as appointing luggage assistance in night hours and having more front desks to deal with crowd of customers. Suitable people and technology should be applied. Proper recruiting, training and motivation can improve the functional dimension of service quality. Awarding the employees should be introduced (Belles 2011). Only realistic promises through suitable channel should be communicated. Horizontal and vertical communication inside the organization should be established. All employees should participate in quality research. The attitude of guests and employees can be studied simultaneously (Belles 201 1 , p. 51). The positive attitudes of employees enhance customers loyalty therefore best employees should be employed. Employees behavior and attitude can influence customers perception of satisfaction (Briggs 2007, up. 006-1019; Moll and Josh 201 1, up. 19-24). The physical evidence (tangible) signifies the commitment of the management and improves the overall experience of the customers (Briggs 2007, up. 1006-1019).

The Constitution Virginia and New Jerseys Plans essays

The Constitution Virginia and New Jerseys Plans essays In the late 1780s, prominent political leaders in the United States came to realize that the government created under the Articles of Confederation was ineffective and impractical and could not serve a nation in managing relationships among states nor handle foreign nations. The fear of creating a government that was too powerful was the basis for foundation of the Articles of Confederation. It created a weak national government that allowed for most of the power to be under the control of the state legislatures. Under the Articles, Congress had no means to prevent war or security against foreign invasion. The federal government could not check the quarrels between states or regulate interstate trade, collect taxes, enforce laws. These weaknesses of the confederation distressed political leaders; in response, they requested a assemblage in order to revise the Articles and revive the ailing nation. In May of 1787, representatives from each state gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to find the means of turning the United States government into an efficient and powerful business that conducted affairs The delegates meeting at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 were given expressed consent to alter and revise the Articles of Confederation. With the exception of those from New Jersey and Virginia, the delegates intended to revise the Articles. One of 55 delegates, William Paterson and his colleagues Roger Sherman, Ellsworth, and Dickinson offered a list of suggestions for revising the Articles of Confederation in his New Jersey Plan. Paterson was a delegate from New Jersey who favored the weak national government that the Articles created. Patterson asserted the rights of the small states against the large states and wished to expand upon the Articles making a more practical and efficient government. The New Jersey Plan suggested the Congress maintain its unica...

Common Mistakes in English for ESL Learners

Common Mistakes in English for ESL Learners Common mistakes are mistakes that even native speakers make on a regular basis. The most common of these common mistakes include its or its, two, to or too, would of instead of would have, and more. The best way to not make these common mistakes is to become familiar with them through a wide variety of examples.​ You can use each of these pages as a starting point to practice not making these common mistakes in the future. Each page has a clear explanation with example sentences. Each common mistake page is followed by a quiz to help you check your understanding. Here are a few suggestions for how you can use these pages to reduce these common mistakes. Remember that each language has its own common mistakes. Some Common Mistakes Top Five Common Writing Mistakes in EnglishGood vs. WellBring, Take, Fetch, GetDifference Between From and OfEveryone / Every OneEveryday / Every DayWhether / IfEnoughA Little, Little, A Few, FewA Lot, Lots Of, A Lot OfFemale - Feminine / Male - MasculineIts vs. ItsTwo, Too, ToTheyre, Their, ThereYoure vs. YourConfusing WordsSince vs. ForHave vs. Of in ConditionalsHas gone to vs. Has been toThen vs. ThanDouble NegativesSo do I, Neither did ISo ... that, such ... thatBoth ... and, neither ... nor, either ... or Improving Common Mistakes Make sure to completely understand the common mistake. Look at the examples and ask yourself if you have made these common mistakes. Think about reading, writing and speaking and how they influence each other. For example, the common mistake would of rather than would have is often made because of the way would have sounds in connected speech. In other words, when people speak quickly they run the words together and the form would have SOUNDS like would of. When people then go to write this form they think back to what they have heard and make the common mistake of writing would of. NOT CORRECT! - He would of come to the party if he had had time.CORRECT - He would have come to the party if he had had time. Take time to write down the common mistakes on a piece of paper or in a separate document on your computer. Spend the time to write five or more sentences practicing the correct form of the common mistake in question. Take the time to really think about the mistake when practicing. Chances are you will never make the mistake again! Listen to / read other people for these common mistakes. Once you understand the common mistake, start listening to other people or reading their texts. Can you spot the common mistakes they make? How Many Common Mistakes Are There? You might wonder how many common English mistakes exist. Thats a difficult question to answer. There are certain mistakes made in grammar, common mistakes made in pronunciation, and there are many common mistakes made because of confusing words. Are Common Mistakes Bad? Common mistakes are mistakes. However, its (not its!) important to remember that the most important thing about using a language is communication. If you are able to communicate in English you are on the road to success. If you make a few common mistakes, you can certainly correct those mistakes. Will People Understand Me if I Make a Common Mistake? Generally, but not always, people will understand you if you make a common mistake. Context (what is happening around the situation) often makes it clear what you really mean. People fill in the blanks, understand that you mean something else, etc. Have confidence and try to eliminate common English mistakes, but make sure to continue speaking and writing English as much as you can!

Abortions Should be banned Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortions Should be banned - Term Paper Example Basically, abortion refers to the process of terminating pregnancy as a result of various reasons (Wharton, 1989). Abortion in medical science is a process in which doctors, with the approval of the pregnant women, kill the foetus in order to terminate the pregnancy. â€Å"Abortion is the intentional termination of a pregnancy after conception† (Head, n.d.). However, the concept of abortion varies from country to country and it is seen as controversial in that some countries have legalized it while others prohibit it. The controversy about this topic mainly emanates from the fact that abortion is considered to be a moral issue which is often viewed as wrong by different people from different parts of the globe. In some countries, abortion is illegal while it is recognised in certain countries. Thus, the most controversial issue in abortion is determination of whether the fetus is a person or not. Supporters of abortion believe that a foetus is not a person and a woman has full right on her body whereas opponents of abortion believe that fetus or embryo has life in it and killing a fetus is same like killing a human. Against this backdrop, I am anti abortion since I view it as immoral given that it involves termination of life which is wrong. Gerrard (2009) states that, â€Å"Abortion is one of the most divisive topics in healthcare.† Abortion is not considered good in most parts of the world because of different religious and social pressures. Kelley (2010) asserts posits to the effect that, â€Å"Within the Roman Catholic Church, teachings and leaders commonly oppose abortion.† Also in Islamic countries, abortion seems to have no place. For instance, in Iran as well as other developing countries, intentional abortion except for some special cases is regarded as illegal as a result of social and religious beliefs (Shahbazi, 2011). There are various ethical issues associated with the act of abortion, which prevent a woman from ending her

Swot Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Swot - Research Paper Example As at 2011, the sales of the worldwide subsidiaries totaled to $65 billion despite the product recalls and the legal issues that the Company has battled in recent years. Other than dealing in medical products, Johnson & Johnson Company also produces baby and beauty products whose consumption is overwhelmingly popular in many of the consumers in the world market. With this, this essay will delve into the SWOT analysis of the Johnson & Johnson Company and the ways in which the company may improve its operations in order to increase the profit generation levels. List of Johnson & Johnson products Acuvue contact lenses Corn Huskers Lotion Johnson Baby powder Aveeno Ponstan Euthymol Healthy Woman Johnson’s Baby Combatrim Ideally, the products manufactured by J & J are in three categories namely medical devices, diagnostics, and health care products with its employee base amounting to one hundred and twenty nine thousand people. As of 2012, these products brought in $67.2 in revenue s, which translated to high profit margins for this pharmaceutical product manufacturer. SWOT Analysis Strengths One of the leading reputation that the Company holds is that it has attracted the admiration of many because of its involvement in the manufacture of consumer products that meet the quality standards in the globe. In 2011, the company received recognition from the UN for an award through its active participation in its campaign dubbed ‘Healthy Mother, Healthy Baby’, which influenced its brand to retain its market acceptability across the globe. The other strength that J & J Company has been that it operates in more than fifty-seven countries hence lowering their business operations risks through the widespread investing. The other strength is that J & J as a brand has been in existence for many years hence influencing its target market to have immense trust in the products manufactured by the parent company or its subsidiaries. Further, J & J has a vertically integrated supply chain in that the subsidiaries of this company have unity because they all have a common owner despite the fact that each of the supply chain members produces different products (Harrison, Lee & Neale 263). Therefore, J & J has control of its supply chain as this has helped in the improvement of coordination among the various subsidiaries spread across the globe. Moreover, J & J has diversified in the products that it manufacturers in that the Company has stable operations as this lowers the operational risk while increasing its value (Hendrikse J & Hendrikse L 41). This means that if one of the production systems brings in losses, then the other arms provide cash flow that may be applied in making investments. Therefore, this strength has helped J & J to operate in volatile markets and be profitable even when it is experiencing challenging times. Weaknesses Over the years, J & J has had to battle various challenges such as various litigations and product recalls that have made the Company to record dismal performance. Product recall In 2010, a subsidiary of J & J voluntarily recalled children’s medicine accessible over the counter totaling forty-three that appeared to have been endangering the lives of the users. McNeil Consumer Healthcare did so after conducting a routine check on its facility and ascertained that the products produced did not meet the quality and

An Analysis of the opening sequences of Luhrmanns Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of the opening sequences of Luhrmanns Essay I think Luhrmann repeated the prologue three times to make people understand what was to come, because he did not add the last two lines which were In which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. In other words, meaning that if you have not understood this prologue they hoped their hard work helps you understand it.  The first time the prologue is shown is when the news reporter is on the news reading out the prologue. She has a modern American accent towards this but it seems as if Luhrmann has kept to the old Shakespearean language; also, there is the picture of a ring in the corner. The sequence starts of with interference and then it tunes in onto the news, then the news reporter starts reading out the prologue. To put it in media terms I would say the first few shots of the zoom in creating a lead up to the extreme close up of the news reporter. I would say then that a medium close up was used until the second time the prologue was shown. I think this interpretation of the prologue represents how important and how serious the conflict between the families is and shows the end of both lovers also showing the end of the feud. The second time the prologue is shown, it shows a serious of pictures of Verona Beach according to the lines of the prologue, which is now read by a man. Either, he wanted to make the prologue stronger by doing that or make a change to get it stuck in peoples head. There are loads of newspaper cuttings but one of the newspapers shows both the families, which ends up in flames. It also shows images of two skyscrapers one with Montague on top and the other with Capulet also God (Jesus) is standing in the middle showing, I think this shows that the feud might have gone to far and God has now stepped in to stop it. Also at the end of this both the families are shown with the other characters apart from Romeo and Juliet. In the Mise-en-scene of the completely said prologue, there were close-ups of the families, medium shots, long shots, birds eye view shots, etc. The third time the prologue is shown the writing comes up. In addition, there are a few scenes from the film later on, which gives us an insight of whats to come.  This start gives us quite a lot of insight to the film this gives us a head start to whats to come from the whole film. In this interpretation, I think there were only quick shots used to give an effect of how quick the story went.  I think the audience might get a different feeling from each time the prologue because it shows different types of ways to express the prologue it shows the end, beginning and middle. In Act 1, Scene 1 the two families boys have a comical fight at a petrol station but it shows the first actual conflict between the families. The Montague boys go down to petrol station and to represent them they have loud rap music in the background, whereas when the Capulet boys arrive they have spaghetti western music to represent them so the director might be trying to say that the Capulet boys are more old fashioned and that the Montague boys are more modern. Luhrmann creates an atmosphere of many things in this scene but the main three things are tension, fear and excitement. I first of all think Luhrmann created this by showing the anger between both families this both created tension and fear of one another, he done this by introducing the boys and slowly setting the scene up till both families started being rude to each other. Both families show this by Body Language and Face Expressions. I think the Montagues though felt more threatened by the Capulets because when the Capulets appeared they suddenly had a sense of fear in them, which created quite a bit of tension. The next thing was excitement this was that of the fight they were going to have and because of the tension Luhrmann had created he had to even it out by using humour, I think he done this by using the tension he had already created. When he had one of the Montague boys licking his nipples to scare the nuns and when he had one of the women in the car hitting him on the head with her handbag. I think he used a cowboy film clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, to make the scene more interesting and to make the fight presentable he used hidden typical cowboy props such as the flipping sign and music. But by doing this he has really stereotyped the western cowboy material but I am not trying to say that he is not doing what any other modern director does because they all stereotype in their films one way or another. I feel the opening scenes to a film are most crucial and I found that the opening scenes to Romeo and Juliet were quite substantial, the scenes of the prologue were quite short but short of this fact, it was very informative. However, I think it was difficult for Luhrmann to create the rest of the movie after such a good start but I think he done this during Act 1, Scene 1 by showing just how terrible the feud was in this case I mean hurting people who are not even involved in the fight. I personally think that the targeted audience for this film is from people aged  15 -30 years old as some of the violence would be too much for little kids, to take in and mostly the language and sense of this story would confuse them whereas if you showed it to an older person over 30 they would probably be more interested in a calm love story with not so much violence.  In my opinion, the opening scenes to this film were portrayed as an insight to the rest of the film. I see the representation of the prologues as a beginning, middle and end, but as the first act and first scene come up, I feel as if the whole film has started again but from a different angle. I also think that Luhrmann took on a great task and that was to re- enact Shakespeares greatest love story and I also think he done that well.

Diabetes Essay -- Disease, Health, Medical, Nursing

Diabetes Diabetes is a killer; in fact, it is among the top ten killers of adults in the United States. "It can lead to, or contribute to, a number of other serious diseases" (Sizer and Whitney 112). Diabetes means "syphon" or "to run through" (Sizer and Whitney 112) therefore denoting the increase in urinary volume excreted by people suffering from this disease. Mellitus means "sweet". Diabetes mellitus means increased excretion of sugars being released with the urine, creating a sweet smell at the time of elimination. The patient with this type of disease has a problem with his insulin production or usage. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, that helps to digest the sugars and use them for energy, and must be given through an injection into the arms or legs; if this is not done the gastrointestinal enzymes in a person's stomach will digest the hormone. A diabetic does not produce adequate insulin or cannot use his own. Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease. This is a h eterogeneous syndrome for which several theories of etiology (explanation of the cause of the disease) have been proposed (WebMd Health). Diabetes is a life-threatening disease, but it is not a death sentence. With proper maintenance of insulin, exercise, and diet, diabetes can be controlled. Advances in medicine will create a larger variety of treatment options and help remove the stigma, as well as fears, associated with diabetes. The signs and symptoms of diabetes are divided into early, secondary, and late signs. Some of the early signs include polyuria (excessive urination) and thirst; another sign can also be a sweet smell from urine. This odor is due to the loss of water through promoting cellular dehydration. Polyuria is the result of large amounts of glucose, ketone bodies, and protein being excreted by the kidney; an osmotic effect of sugar attracts water and promotes diuresis. The secondary signs include nausea and vomiting, dry mucous membranes with cracked lips, hot flushed skin, abdominal pain and or rigidity, acetone odor of the breath, soft eyeballs because of dehydration, and kidney disease. Other signs include impaired vision or blindness resulting from cataracts and damaged retinas, nerve damage, skin damage, and strokes and heart attacks. The root cause of all of these symptoms is probably the same (Sizer and Whitney 113). Late symptoms includ... ...diseases. Signs and symptoms also vary; they are broken down into early, secondary, and late. Complications also fluctuate depending on the lifestyle and control that the patient has over his insulin. First signs are not good to have and most are, overlooked by the patient. Treatments can range from simple injections to the use of more complicated machinery. Diabetes does not choose a specific race, age, or gender, but any person is at risk. Depending on the diabetic's lifestyle and habits in everyday life, longevity and normal living will triumph. Works Cited American Diabetes Association. 10 March 2005. Apgar, Ellen. Telephone interview. 09 March 2005. Boone, Ria. Personal interview. 14 March 2005. Cordy, Eric. Telephone interview. 2 March 2005. Luckmann Joan, and Karen Creason Sorensen. Medical-Surgical Nursing: A Psychological Approach. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1980. Sizer, Frances, and Eleanor Whitney. Nutrition Concepts and Controversies. Eighth edition. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2000. WebMd Health. 2003. WebMd Corporation. 22 Jan. 2005 . International Diabetes Federation. What is Treatment for Diabetes? 20 Jan. 2004. .

Cyber Laws and Cyber Crime

Presented by: Kale Sandeep N. Gaikwad Avinash R. S. E. (Comp) S. E. (I T) E-mail: [email  protected] com E-mail: avi. [email  protected] com Mob: 919970061442 Mob: 919960308551 G H Raisoni Institute of Engineering and Management, Jalgaon (M. S) Index Topics Page No. 1 Abstract 1 2 Introduction 2 3 Cyber crime 2 4 Classification of Cyber crime 2 5 Status of Cyber Crime 6 6 Cyber law 7 7 Cyber Law in India 8 8 Advantages of Cyber Law 9 9 General Suggestions and information 10 0 Suggestions for better security 10 11 Conclusion 11 12 Reference 12 Abstract: Cyber law and cyber crime is becoming an important issue for social and economical concerned. The use of computer, electronic devices and software is increased; the need to protect these devices and software properly is inherently appeared with this. To protect these, it becomes necessary to know about cyber crime and cyber law. Cyber crime is unlawful act in which computer is either tool or target. After development of internet ev ery computer is able access data and information from all over the world. This also lead to the misuse of computer and internet for Crime such as Financial crimes, Cyber pornography, Online gambling, Intellectual Property crimes, Forgery, Cyber Defamation, Cyber stalking, Email spoofing, Email bombing, Denial of Service attack, Salami attacks, Virus / worm attacks, Web jacking, Data diddling etc. Now days most of financial and non-financial activities are done with computer and computer related services such as Internet. Also the concept of e-Governance coming in picture, where the confidential document of an organization is process and stored. The need of protection Cyber security resulted into development of cyber law in India and all around the world. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and Cyberspace. The paper throw light on the brief types of cyber crime, status of cyber crime and cyber awareness in India, Cyber law in India , Advantages of it in brief. Also this paper suggests the precaution measures and tips for cyber security for the users of computer and internet. 1. Introduction The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820! That is not surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3500 B. C. in India, Japan and China. The era of modern computers, however, began with the analytical engine of Charles Babbage. Today, computers have come a long way, what with neural networks and nano-computing promising to turn every atom in a glass of water into a computer capable of performing a billion operations per second. Cyber crime is an evil having its origin in the growing dependence on computers in modern life. In a day and age when everything from microwave ovens and refrigerators to nuclear power plants is being run on computers, cyber crime has assumed rather sinister implications. 2. Cyber crime At the Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders, cyber crime was broken into two categories and defined thus: 2. 1. Cyber crime in a narrow sense: Any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that targets the security of computer systems and the data processed by them. 2. 2. Cyber crime in a broader sense: Any illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession offering or distributing information by means of a computer system or network. As per Indian law, Crime has to be voluntary and willful, an act or omission that adversely affects a person or property. A simple definition of cyber crime would be â€Å"unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both†. 3. Classification of Cyber crime Cyber Crime is classified into 4 major categories as (A) Cyber crime against Individual B) Cyber crime Against Property (C) Cyber crime Against Organization (D) Cyber crime Against Society 3. 1. Against Individuals 3. 1. 1. Email spoofing : A spoofed email is one that appears to originate from one source but actually has been sent from another source. E. g Avinash has an e-mail address [email  protected] com His enemy, Rohan spoofs his e-mail and sends obscene messages to all his acquainta nces. Since the e-mails appear to have originated from Avinash, his friends could take offence and relationships could be spoiled for life. 3. 1. 2. Spamming: Spamming means sending multiple copies of unsolicited mails or mass e-mails such as chain letters. 3. 1. 3. Cyber Defamation This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. E. g. someone publishes defamatory matter about someone on a website or sends e-mails containing defamatory information to all of that person’s friends. 3. 1. 4. Harassment and Cyber stalking: Cyber Stalking Means following the moves of an individual's activity over internet. It can be done with the help of many protocols available such at e- mail, chat rooms, user net groups. The Oxford dictionary defines talking as â€Å"pursuing stealthily†. Cyber stalking involves following a person’s movements across the Internet by posting messages (sometimes threatening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc. 3. 2. Against Property: 3. 2. 1. Credit Card Fraud :You simply have to type credit card number into www page of vendor for online transaction. If electronic transactions are not secured the credit card numbers can be stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating the credit card owner. . 2. 2. Intellectual Property crimes: These include Software piracy i. e. illegal copying of programs, distribution of copies of software ,Copyright infringement Trademarks violations ,Theft of computer source code 3. 2. 3. Internettimetheft: The usage of the Internet hours by an unauthorized person which is actually paid by another person. 3. 3. Against Organization 3. 3. 1. UnauthorizedAccessingofComputer: Accessing the computer/network without permission from the owner. This activity is commonly referred to as hacking. The Indian law has, however, given a different connotation to the term hacking, so we will not use the term â€Å"unauthorized access† interchangeably with the term â€Å"hacking†. It can be of 2 forms one is Changing/deleting data i. e. unauthorized change in data and other is Computer voyeur where the criminal reads or copies confidential or proprietary information, but the data is neither deleted nor changed. 3. 3. 2. Denial Of Service When Internet server is flooded with continuous bogus requests so as to denying legitimate users to use the server or to crash the server. Denial of service attack involves flooding a computer resource with more requests than it can handle. This causes the resource (e. g. a web server) to crash thereby denying authorized users the service offered by the resource. Another variation to a typical denial of service attack is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack wherein the perpetrators are many and are geographically widespread. It is very difficult to control such attacks. Denial-of-service attacks have had an impressive history having, in the past, brought down website like Amazon CNN, Yahoo and eBay 3. 3. 3 Virusattack A computer virus is a computer program that can infect other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a possibly evolved copy of it. Viruses can be file infecting or affecting boot sector of the computer. Worms, unlike viruses do not need the host to attach themselves to. 3. 3. 4. Email Bombing: Email bombing refers to sending a large number of emails to the victim resulting in the victim’s email account (in case of an individual) or mail servers (in case of a company or an email service provider) crashing. 3. 3. 5. Salami Attack: When negligible amounts are removed & accumulated in to something larger. These attacks are used for the commission of financial crimes. The key here is to make the alteration so insignificant that in a single case it would go completely unnoticed. 3. 3. 6. Logic Bomb : Its an event dependent program , as soon as the designated event occurs, it crashes the computer, release a virus or any other harmful possibilities This implies that these programs are created to do something only when a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E. g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date. . 3. 7. Trojan Horse A Trojan is an unauthorized program which functions from inside what seems to be an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is actually doing. There are many simple ways of installing a Trojan in someone’s computer. The Common Types of Trojan horse are †¢ Remote Administration Trojans (RATs) †¢ Password Trojans †¢ Privileges-Elevating Tr ojans †¢ Destructive Trojans †¢ Joke Programs 3. 3. 8. Data diddling This kind of an attack involves altering raw data just before it is processed by a computer and then changing it back after the processing is completed. Electricity Boards in India have been victims to data diddling programs inserted when private parties were computerizing their systems. 3. 4. Against Society 3. 4. 1. Forgery: Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets etc can be forged using sophisticated computers, printers and scanners. Outside many colleges across India, one finds touts soliciting the sale of fake mark sheets or even certificates. These are made using computers, and high quality scanners and printers. 3. 4. 2. Cyber Terrorism: It is use of computer resources to intimidate or coerce others. Computer crime has hit mankind with unbelievable severity. Computer viruses, worms, Trojans, denial of service attacks, spoofing attacks and e-frauds have taken the real and virtual worlds by storm. The term â€Å"cyber terrorism† can be defined as â€Å"Cyber terrorism is the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives. 3. 4. 3 Web Jacking Hackers gain access and control over the website of another, even they change the content of website for fulfilling political objective or for money. This occurs when someone forcefully takes control of a website (by cracking the password and later changing it). The actual owner of the website does not have any more control over what appears on that website. 4. Status of Cyber Crime Ba ck in 1990, less than 100,000 people were able to log on to the Internet worldwide. Now around 500 million people are using the net around the globe. UK has the largest number of infected computers in the world followed by the US and China. The US is the leading source country for attacks. China is second and Germany is third. 4. 1. In India: i) During 2003, a total of 411 cases were registered under IPC Sections as compared to 738 such cases during 2002 thereby reporting a significant decline of 44 percent in 2003 over 2002. ii) A total of 475 persons were arrested in the country for Cyber Crimes under IPC during 2003. iii) The age-wise profile of the arrested persons showed that 45 percent were in the age-group of 30-45 years, 28. percent of the offenders were in the age-group of 45-60 years and 11 offenders were aged 60 years and above. Above figures doesn't mean that cyber crime is declining in India, the fact is that people in our country do not report cyber crimes for the following reasons: a) They don't want to face harassment by police. b) The fear of bad publicity which could hurt their reputation in society. Also, c) It becomes extremely difficult to convince the police to register any cyber crime, because of lack of awareness about cyber crime and cyber law and also about their registration and handling by the police. A recent survey indicates that for every 500 cyber crime incidents that took place, only 50 are reported to the police and out of that only one is actually registered. These figures indicate how difficult it is to convince the police to register a cyber crime. The establishment of cyber crime cells in different parts of the country was expected to boost cyber crime reporting and prosecution. However, these cells haven't quite kept up with expectations. 5. Cyber law The cyber world has no physical boundaries, no single authority who governs the internet. The Internet is the medium for freely sharing information and opinions; It provides everyone with round the clock access to information, credit and financial services, and shopping. Even network information systems are being adopted by the government worldwide, that's why the governments across the world are recognizing the need to securing & regulating the cyber world. 5. 1. Why Cyber law? When Internet was developed, the founding fathers of Internet hardly had any inclination that Internet could transform itself into an all pervading revolution which could be misused for criminal activities and which required regulation. Today, there are many disturbing things happening in cyberspace. Due to the anonymous nature of the Internet, it is possible to engage into a variety of criminal activities with impunity and people with intelligence, have been grossly misusing this aspect of the Internet to perpetuate criminal activities in cyberspace. Hence there is need for Cyber laws in India. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on and concerning the Internet, the World Wide Web and Cyberspace. Whether we realize it or not, every action and every reaction in Cyberspace has some legal and Cyber legal perspectives. . 2 Who should concern about Cyberlaw? Everyone, Cyber law is of everyone’s concern. As the nature of Internet is changing and this new medium is being seen as the ultimate medium ever evolved in human history, every activity of yours in Cyberspace can and will have a Cyber legal perspective. From the time one register Domain Name, to the time one set up a web site, to the time one promote a website, to the time when one send and receive email, to the time one conduct electronic commerce transactions on the said site, at every point of time, there are various Cyber law issues involved. One may not be bothered about these issues today because one may feel that they are very distant from him/her and that they do not have an impact on Cyber activities. But sooner or later, you will have to tighten your belts and take note of Cyber law for your own benefit. 6. Cyber Law In India: Cyber Crimes are a new class of crimes to India. It is rapidly expanding due to extensive use of internet. India is among few countries in the world that have a separate law for cyber crimes. Recently Nepal has passed Bill against Cyber crime. Indian parliament has passed the legislation known as Information Technology Act 2000 drafted by the Ministry of Communication and Information. The Information Technology Act came into force on 17th October, 2000. IT Act amends some of the existing legislation, such as Indian Penal Code,1860 Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Bankers Book Evidence Act. 1891, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 6. 1. Features of The IT Act 2000: i)Legal recognition of electronic contracts, digital signature, digital certificates. ii) Various types of cyber crime committed in India and outside India is covered alongwithpenalties. ii) Appointment of Certifying Authorities(CA) to issue digital signature, digital certificates. iv)Controller of Certifying Authorities to act as depository for all Certifying Authorities. v) Appointment of Adjudicating Officer for holding enquiries under this Act. vi) EstablishmentofCyberAppellateTribunal. vii) Cyber Regulations Advisory Committee who will advice the Central Government an d CA. Technology. The act is based on the â€Å"United Nations Commission on International Trade Law†(UNCITRAL) model on electronic commerce. 6. 2. IT Act 2000 does not include: ) Specific Definition of cyber crime is not given.. ii) Intellectual Property Rights such as trade Marks, Patents, Digital Copyright Issues. iii) Domain name disputes and their resolution, Data protection issues are not covered. iv)No provision is made for the Taxation issues arising due to e-commerce 7. Advantages of Cyber Laws The IT Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws and provides ways to deal with cyber crimes. We need such laws so that people can perform purchase transactions over the Net through credit cards without fear of misuse. The Act offers the much-needed legal framework so that information is not denied legal effect, validity or enforceability, solely on the ground that it is in the form of electronic records. The IT Act 2000 and its provisions contain many positive aspects. Firstly, the implications of these provisions for the e-businesses would be that email would now be a valid and legal form of communication in our country that can be duly produced and approved in a court of law. Digital signatures have been given legal validity and sanction in the Act. The Act throws open the doors for the entry of corporate companies in the business of being Certifying Authorities for issuing Digital Signatures Certificates. The Act now allows Government to issue notification on the web thus heralding e-governance. It shall now be possible for corporates to have a statutory remedy in case if anyone breaks into their computer systems or network and causes damages or copies data. The remedy provided by the Act is in the form of monetary damages, not exceeding Rs. 1 crore. 8. General Suggestions against cyber crime †¢ Don't delete harmful communications (emails, chat logs, posts etc). These may help provide vital information about the identity of the person behind these. †¢ Try not to panic. †¢ If you feel any immediate physical danger of bodily harm, call your local police. †¢ Avoid getting into huge arguments online during chat or discussions with other users. †¢ Be extremely careful about how you share personal information about yourself online. †¢ Make sure that your ISP and Internet Relay Chart (IRC) network have an acceptable use policy that prohibits cyber-stalking. And if your network fails to respond to your complaints, consider switching to a provider that is more responsive to user complaints. If a situation online becomes hostile, log off or surf elsewhere. If a situation places you in fear, contact a local law enforcement agency. †¢ Save all communications for evidence. Do not edit or alter them in any way. Also, keep a record of your contacts with Internet System Administrators or Law Enforcement Officials. 9. Suggestion s for better security †¢ Use strong passwords. Choose passwords that are difficult or impossible to guess. Give different passwords to all other accounts. †¢ Make regular back-up of critical data. Back-up must be made atleast once in each day. †¢ Use virus protection software. Checking daily for new virus signature updates, and then actually scanning all the files on your computer periodically. Use a firewall as a gatekeeper between your computer and the Internet. †¢ Do not keep computers online when not in use. Either shut them off or physically disconnect them from Internet connection. †¢ Do not open e-mail attachments from strangers, regardless of how enticing the subject line or attachment may be. †¢ Regularly download security patches from your software vendors. 10. Conclusion Thus, the awareness of cyber crime and cyber law has become a necessity for persons in cyberspace. The study of cyber crime and its different aspects will be helping to individual in cyberspace to avoid and restrict the cyber crime around them and related to them. Also the study of cyber crime will keep them alert against cyber crime. Absence of Cyber security policy in organization may lead to critical problem for Management to maintain the data security of organization. Recent incidents relating to cyber crime have not just increased the vulnerability of various socio-economic constituents, but also brought forth the need for better managerial and operating capabilities of our legal framework in stopping this growing menace. Cyber law in India is nothing but the outcome of this need. Cyber law will be helpful to control the cases of cyber crime. IT act 2000 has given constitutional support to fight against cyber criminals. This act has also given legal status to e-business, digital signature cause to increase faith in online trading. The number of cases reported is much less than what it is in reality. This is because of unawareness of law. Awareness program on Cyber law and Cyber Crime should undertaken by Social Organisation. The program may include basic information of cyber law, internet security, and minimum hardware and software security measures required for an individual or organisation. Reference: (1) Cyber and Information Technology –Article By Talwant Singh (Judge) (2) Perspective of Cyber crime in India – Kernila Seth (3) Cyber law ,Data Protection in India – Article by Gurpreet Singh (4) www. cuil. com (5) www. cyberlawsindia. net (6) www. cybersmart. in (7) www. indlii. org (8) www. asianlaws. org (9) www. report cyber crime. com (10) www. scribd. com

Role of Human Resource

We are currently working in Human Resource department of NP enterprise. Marcus is the Human resource (HR) director. The director’s role is to promote and implement human resource values by planning and managing human resource programs and directing staff. He is responsible for making decisions for the HR department on a strategic level, implementing these strategies, manage operations as the strategy is in action, further improve on the strategy and yield the results. Other responsibilities include supporting and guiding his subordinates, complying with the law, enhancing reputation of the company and department and updating the department with new knowledge wherever possible. I am the manager of the department. In general, a human resource manager has the expertise of HR generalist combined with general business and management skill. One of the most important things a human resources manager does is set policies for hiring and recruitment. I am usually responsible for writing up job postings and advertisements when there are slots to be filled, and may also be responsible for creating new positions when needed. Also, my job is to dictate the company’s interview process, and make decisions with respect to how many candidates are offered interviews and the sort of questions that should be asked. Most of the actual interviewing is left up to others, however, the manager typically meets with the final candidates, and usually has the decisive vote when it comes to hiring decisions — but the work of actually narrowing down the pool is typically the responsibility of lower-ranking HR officers. As NP enterprise is a large organisation, the manager needs to report all the department’s activities to Human resource director. Human resource is an important department in every company/ organisation as we are in charge of managing the organisation’s workforce. The central focus for HR management must be on contributing to organizational success. Key to enhancing organizational performance is ensuring that human resources activities support organizational efforts focusing on improving productivity, service, and quality. To accomplish these goals, HR management is composed of several groups of interlinked activities. Some of the activities are: HR Planning and Analysis Through HR planning, managers attempt to anticipate forces that will influence the future supply of and demand for employees. The importance of human resources in organizational competitiveness must be addressed as well. As part of maintaining organizational competitiveness, HR analysis and assessment of HR effectiveness must occur. Staffing The aim of staffing is to provide an adequate supply of qualified individuals to fill the jobs in an organization. By studying what workers do, job analysis is the foundation for the staffing function. From this, job descriptions and job specifications can be prepared to recruit applicants for job openings. The selection process is concerned with choosing the most qualified individuals to fill jobs in the organization. HR Development Beginning with the orientation of new employees, HR training and development also includes job-skill training. As jobs evolve and change, ongoing retraining is necessary to accommodate technological changes. Encouraging development of all employees, including supervisors and managers, is necessary to prepare organizations for future challenges. Career planning identifies paths and activities for individual employees as they develop within the organization. Assessing how employees perform their jobs is the focus of performance management. Compensation and Benefits Compensation rewards people for performing organizational work through pay. This is to encourage the worker to contribute more for the organisation and also, it helps to strengthen the bond between our organisation and employees. Health, Safety, and Security Through a broader focus on health, HR management can assist employees with substance abuse and other problems through employee assistance programs in order to retain otherwise satisfactory employees. Workplace security has grown in importance, in response to the increasing number of acts of workplace violence. HR management must ensure that managers and employees can work in a safe environment. Management Relations The relationship between managers and their employees must be handled effectively. Employee rights must be addressed. It is important to develop, communicate, and update HR policies and rules so that managers and employees know what is expected. Information owned by the HR department include employee’s personal information and qualification, Also, managing paychecks to employees, managing the company’s taxes, employee’s employment details and contracts, healthcare benefits for employees. All the information will be shared with other departments in the organisation when needed. There is an interaction between HR departments and other departments in the organisation. Interactions include managing the supply of employees for other departments such as assigning the right workers to the right jobs, firing inefficient workers and handing paychecks to the employees of other departments.

The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently

The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently Physiologically; the right side of the brain deals with neurological impulse for the left side of the body and the inverse is true. In his â€Å"split-brain† research on an epileptic patient, Roger Sperry (1973) (cited in Dan Eden, n.d) demonstrated that with the severing of their communication connection the two hemispheres could function distinctively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance the right eye and hand could name an item, like a pen, but the subject could not determine its use. On the other hand the left eye and hand could demonstrate and determine its use but could not determine its name. In his further studies to establish the functional map of the brain, Sperry (1973) (cited in Eden, n.d) supposes the existence of two nature of thought, namely the verbal and the non-verbal, which have their basis in th e left and the right brain hemispheres respectively. The chart below illustrates the function mapping of the hemisphere (Eden, n.d). LEFT BRAIN FUNCTIONS RIGHT BRAIN FUNCTIONS uses logic detail oriented facts rule words and language present and past math and science can comprehend knowing acknowledges order/pattern perception knows object name reality based forms strategies practical safe uses feeling big picture oriented imagination rules symbols and images present and future philosophy religion can get it (i.e. meaning) believes appreciates spatial perception knows object function fantasy based presents possibilities impetuous risk taking The two Hemispheres functional integration Personality can be thought of as the product of the extent to which hemispheres associate or dissociate. For instant, criticality and orderliness is an attributed of the left hemisphere; while the artistic, creativity and unpredictability is that of the right. However, every individual integrate s particular sides of the brain in their various daily activities based on factors such as education, age and experiences. Thus, the involvement of a specific hemisphere in different circumstances determines our character and molds our personality (Eden, 2008). Studies have established that majority of the children creativity rank high (right hemispheres attribute) prior to schooling. However, only 10% of the children would retain their creativity by the age of seven, since the current educational system emphasizes on the left brain characteristics like mathematics, language and logic than on creativity (Eden, 2008). Despite their function lateralization, the hemispheres do not perform independently, but communicate via the corpus callosum. Nevertheless, this association does not operate on equality basis because one hemisphere usually dominates over the other. Thus, individuals can either be left or right handed. Normally, the left hemisphere is considered the dominant hemisphere ( Ball, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implications for the cognitive research neuroscientist Owing to the obstacles of direct methods in neurological studies of a particular behavior, neurological scientists have render use of indirect methods, such as handedness technique to establish the dominant hemisphere. However, the understanding of how this methods work poses a challenge to many research neuroscientists, in which practical and theoretical implications are, attached (Ball, 1998). However, distinction are not absolute, thereby necessitating verification of a patients’ match to the right or left hemisphere profile before a brain surgeons excise an area of an epileptic brain to avoid causing major impairments. To achieve this objective, many methods have been developed to allow the evaluation of activities of the two hemispheres in life subjects (Ball, 199 8). The first technique was known as the Wada test, coined after a neurologist name Juhn Wada. It involves the injection of sodium amorbarbital into either the left or right carotid artery. Consequently, the hemisphere which corresponds to the injection becomes numb, allowing the doctor to carry out language test on the conscious hemisphere (Ball, 1998). These and other techniques developed for this purpose are expensive and dangerous. Easier methods of evaluating lateralization must be opted for. Thus handedness method has been opted for by many neuroscientists in their approach to the relevant psychological issue. The essence for this choice is the fact that right-handedness implies that the left hemisphere dominates and vice versa. Apparently, this technique has proven to be the most convenient method of determining the dominant hemisphere (Ball, 1998). Reference List Ball, J. (1998). Lateralization of function in cerebral hemispheres. Serendip; biology 202. Retrieved from https: //serendipstudio.org/exchange/node/1782 Eden, D. (2008). Left brain; Right brain. Retrieved from http://viewzone2.com/bicamx.html

Supporting Diversity and Minority Colleagues at Work

Supporting Diversity and Minority Colleagues at Work Making sure employees from different racial backgrounds feel comfortable at work has several benefits, no matter if the company has 15 workers or 1,500. Not only can a diversity friendly workplace enhance team spirit, it can also boost creativity and promote a sense of investment in the company. Fortunately, creating a diversity friendly work environment isn’t rocket science. For the most part, it involves taking the initiative and a healthy dose of common sense. Make the Effort What’s the surefire way to make colleagues from diverse backgrounds feel comfortable at work? Do the basics. For example, if a coworker or employee has a name that’s difficult to pronounce, strive to say the person’s name correctly. If you’re unsure how to pronounce it, ask the employee to say it for you and listen carefully. Even if you still don’t get it quite right, such employees will appreciate the effort rather than you totally butchering their names. On the other hand, employees won’t appreciate you forcing a nickname on them or refusing to utter their name at all. That’s alienating. Save Race-Related Jokes for Later If the joke you want to tell at work includes a rabbi, a priest or a black guy, save it for home. Many jokes about race, religion and culture involve stereotypes. Accordingly, the workplace isn’t the best place to share them, lest you offend a coworker. Who knows? One day a colleague could make your racial group the butt of a joke. Would you find that funny? Even racial banter between colleagues from the same background can be off putting to others. Some people disapprove of racial humor, no matter the source of it. So, consider telling race-based jokes to be inappropriate behavior at work. Keep Stereotypes to Yourself Stereotypes about racial groups abound. While working, it’s necessary to check your race-based assumptions at the door. Say you think all Latinos are good at a certain activity, but the one Latino in your office isn’t. How do you respond? The correct response is no response. Sharing racial generalizations with those targeted by them will only cause emotional damage. Rather than telling your coworker that he defied your expectations, consider reflecting on how you developed the stereotype in question and how to let go of it. Study Cultural Holidays and Traditions Do you know the cultural and religious holidays that your coworkers observe? If they openly discuss certain customs, consider learning more about them. Find out the origins of the holiday or tradition, when they are celebrated each year and what they commemorate. Your colleague will likely be touched that you took time out to learn about the traditions that mean most to her. Whether you’re a manager or a coworker, be understanding if an employee takes time off to observe a particular custom. Practice empathy by contemplating the traditions that matter most to you. Would you be willing to work on those days? Include All Workers in Decisions Think about whose input counts most in your workplace. Are employees from diverse racial backgrounds included? Listening to opinions from a diverse group of people can change the way business is done for the better. A person from a different background may offer a perspective on an issue that no one else has given. This can increase the amount of innovation and creativity in a work setting. Hold a Diversity Workshop If you’re a manager at work, consider enrolling your employees in a diversity training session. They may grumble about it at first. Afterwards, however, they’re likely to value their diverse group of colleagues in new ways and walk away with a deeper sense of cultural awareness. In Closing Don’t be mistaken. Creating a diversity friendly workplace isn’t about political correctness. It’s about making sure that employees of all backgrounds feel valued.

The Definition of Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Definition of Success - Essay Example This highlights one of the important aspects of success: you have to succeed or fail at something – so creating a general definition of success might be a very difficult thing. Bill Gates has succeeded in becoming a billionaire – but has failed badly at becoming a professional basketball player. To accommodate this fact any generalized definition of success must account for these expectations or contradictions; it must, in other words, take goals into account. But sometimes someone achieves success without ever necessarily meaning to: when Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook, he had no intention of making billions of dollars – yet he is still successful (Veloso). Furthermore, if someone’s only goal is to get off the couch, then them doing so would not typically make them a success (barring situations like disability or injury). A close examination of etymology of the word â€Å"success,† along with cases both real and imagined, can show that a good def inition of success would be â€Å"achieving laudable or worthy accomplishments that bring satisfaction or joy to the person who has accomplished them.† The etymology of the word â€Å"success† serves as a useful starting point for an understanding of its meaning. The word entered the language at the close of the beginning of the 16th century, with a meaning of â€Å"result, outcome,† from a similar Latin word which had the meaning of â€Å"happy result/outcome† (Etymology Online). This etymology reveals an important thing about the word success – it is inexorably linked to results. It has been linked to results from the very beginning of its entrance into the English language, and even before that. So for someone or something to be a success, that determination has to be based on an outcome of some kind – success is not about effort or intention, but about result. This helps explain the first part of the definition I advocate –  "achieving ... accomplishments† – success has to be about something that someone has done that has tangible consequences. Success is a very results-oriented business, and has been since the word entered the English language, so any definition of success must account for results as a central aspect of its meaning – a real, concrete achievement is the central part of success. The primary part of the definition of success it that someone has accomplished something. But this cannot be simply anything, as a few real-world examples can help to demonstrate. Some people have been very able to accomplish their goals, but would not generally be deemed to be â€Å"successes† by our society. Joseph Stalin, for instance, managed to gain control of the Soviet Union and rule it for many years (Sebag 13), but would not be considered a â€Å"success† because his achievements did not meet the second part of the definition – they were not laudable or worthy ach ievements that he gained. He ruled his country with an iron first, and the quality of life in Russia during his time was incredibly poor (Sebag 15). So while he met his needs and perhaps accomplished his own goals, the lack of worth in those goals means that neither he nor his causes were successful. This logic holds true of all modern day